Ruanda: Investir em Ruanda
Although FDI stocks have increased in recent years due to Rwanda's political stability and measures focused on improving the business climate, FDI flows still remain rather weak. According to UNCTAD's World Investment Report 2023, FDI inflows to Rwanda remained unchanged compared to the previous year, totalling USD 399 million. At the end of the same period, the stock of FDI was estimated at USD 3.3 billion, around 26.2% of the country’s GDP. From 2008 to 2022, the Rwanda Development Board (RDB) documented 1,279 investment initiatives within the nation. These endeavors were anticipated to encompass an aggregate investment value of approximately USD 13.5 billion USD, aiming to generate around 200,000 employment opportunities. Anticipated investment inflows escalated from an average of USD 530 million USD during 2008-2015 to USD 1.3 billion USD during 2016-2022. According to balance of payments statistics, roughly three-fifths of the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) stock originates from other African nations (primarily Mauritius, Kenya, and South Africa), as well as from the United States and India (Bank of Rwanda). The Foreign Private Capital (FPC) census conducted by the National Bank of Rwanda reveals that overall FDI inflows are concentrated in the financial sector, construction, tourism, and manufacturing.
Rwanda boasts a history of robust economic growth and a notable reputation for low corruption. The country does not impose statutory limits on foreign ownership or control, nor does it have official economic or industrial strategies that discriminate against foreign investors. Both local and foreign investors enjoy the right to establish and own business enterprises across all lucrative activities. Long-term leases, known as emphyteutic leases, are available to citizens and foreigners alike for residential and commercial purposes, typically lasting 99 years and renewable. Foreign investors can also obtain land through concessional agreements with the government, with a maximum duration of 99 years, but renewable upon agreement. The Investment Code presents a comprehensive set of benefits and incentives for registered investors in key growth sectors, subject to specific conditions. These incentives comprise preferential corporate income tax rates, withholding tax advantages, tax holidays, exemptions from customs duties on goods utilized within export processing zones, and support for internationalization efforts. Additionally, supplementary incentives are extended through the "Manufacture and Build to Recover Program" (MBRP), aimed at stimulating economic revitalization particularly focusing on manufacturing, agro-processing, construction, and real estate development sectors. On the other hand, the low human resource capacity of Rwanda, the poor infrastructure, its landlockedness and its high operating costs are some of the factors that limit the potential attractiveness of the country. Rwanda ranks 103rd among the 132 economies on the Global Innovation Index 2023 and 135th out of 184 countries on the latest Index of Economic Freedom.
Foreign Direct Investment | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
FDI Inward Flow (million USD) | 274 | 399 | 399 |
FDI Stock (million USD) | 2,707 | 2,938 | 3,327 |
Number of Greenfield Investments* | 5 | 10 | 10 |
Value of Greenfield Investments (million USD) | 242 | 275 | 368 |
Source: UNCTAD, Latest available data
Note: * Greenfield Investments are a form of Foreign Direct Investment where a parent company starts a new venture in a foreign country by constructing new operational facilities from the ground up.
Country Comparison For the Protection of Investors | Rwanda | Sub-Saharan Africa | Estados Unidos | Alemanha |
Index of Transaction Transparency* | 8.0 | 5.5 | 7.0 | 5.0 |
Index of Manager’s Responsibility** | 9.0 | 3.5 | 9.0 | 5.0 |
Index of Shareholders’ Power*** | 5.0 | 5.5 | 9.0 | 5.0 |
Source: Doing Business, Latest available data
Note: *The Greater the Index, the More Transparent the Conditions of Transactions. **The Greater the Index, the More the Manager is Personally Responsible. *** The Greater the Index, the Easier it Will Be For Shareholders to Take Legal Action.
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Últimas atualizações em May 2024